Abstract
The literature on the extraction of metals with carboxylic acids and mixtures with other extractants since 1970 is reviewed. Both extraction chemistry and the applications are discussed. The latter are restricted in comparison with other types of liquid cation exchanger but they are superior for: the extraction of cobalt from ammoniacal media; direction reduction of metals from organic media; exchange extraction for impurity removal (especially iron) from acid media and, mixed with amines, for magnesium recovery from brines. The chemistry of extraction of many metals is complicated by co-existence of several organic phase complexes. Little advance has been made in understanding such systems. Slope analysis is an insensitive technique and application of other physico-chemical methods, particularly spectrophotometry, is required but the interpretation of results is difficult. Possible uses for affluent treatment, and environmental aspects of solvent loss are discussed.
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