Abstract
Due to the inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasing and have become a major threat to human health. A key factor in the treatment of bacterial infections and slowing down the emergence of antibiotic resistance is to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of infecting bacteria rapidly to prescribe appropriate drugs and reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Current phenotypic AST methods based on the detection of bacterial growth are generally reliable but are too slow. There is an urgent need for new methods that can perform AST rapidly. Bacterial metabolism is a fast process, as bacterial cells double about every 20 to 30 min for fast-growing species. Moreover, bacterial metabolism has shown to be related to drug resistance, so a comparison of differences in microbial metabolic processes in the presence or absence of antimicrobials provides an alternative approach to traditional culture for faster AST. In this review, we summarize recent developments in rapid AST methods through metabolic profiling of bacteria under antibiotic treatment.
Highlights
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is rising and has become a global public threat [1,2,3]
We summarize and review the recent development of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods based on the bacterial metabolic response to antibiotic treatment
An ideal AST would be a phenotypic method that is generalizable to different pathogens or antibiotics and provides sample-to-answer AST results in less than 30 min during a single patient visit [31]
Summary
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is rising and has become a global public threat [1,2,3]. By quantification of bacterial bioluminescence with or without antibiotic treatment, the susceptibility of bacteria could be obtained within 2 h, with an overall accuracy rate of 91% for a total of 104 clinical urine samples This method has a relatively high sensitivity compatible with clinically accepted cutoffs for urinary tract infections (UTI, 105 colony-forming units mL−1) and can apply directly to clinical urine samples. The abundant intracellular ATP level derived from blood corpuscles could be a big obstacle for detecting the ATP level in bacteria To overcome this challenge, Matsui et al adjusted the test procedure to eliminate the impact of ATP released by blood cells and developed a rapid method based on ATP bioluminescence to perform AST directly from positive blood cultures [30]. These assays have the potential to be used in the clinic for rapid AST, but more tests on different species and antibiotics need to be performed to validate and refine these methods
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
