Abstract
This review selectively summarizes the latest developments in the Pd-based cataysts for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, especially in the application of formic acid oxidation, alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. The advantages and shortcomings of the Pd-based catalysts for electrocatalysis are analyzed. The influence of the structure and morphology of the Pd materials on the performance of the Pd-based catalysts were described. Finally, the perspectives of future trends on Pd-based catalysts for different applications were considered.
Highlights
Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical current without combustion
This review selectively summarizes the latest developments in the Pd-based cataysts for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, especially in the application of formic acid oxidation, alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction
One-dimensional (1-D) materials such as the nanowires, nanothorns and nanotubes offer unique benefits including (1) anisotropic morphology; (2) thin metal catalyst layer which leads to higher mass transport of the reactants; (3) high aspect ratio which is immune to surface energy driven coalescence via crystal migration; (4) less vulnerable to dissolution, Ostwald ripening and aggregation during the electrocatalytic process due to their micrometer-sized length; (5) high electrochemical active areas
Summary
Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical current without combustion. Analyzing recent review papers on Pd-based catalysts, it was found that there was no comprehensive review paper concerning the application of Pd in fuel cells. This review analyzed the latest four years’ publications on Pd catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and provides a comprehensive review on the recent development of the Pd-based catalysts for formic acid oxidation, alcohol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction. This review article mainly focuses on the recent development of the Pd-based catalysts, on these three most important reactions This survey result shows the possible areas where Pd can compete with or replace Pt in PEMFCs. Besides above aspects, the control of the morphology and crystallography of Pd and the corresponding effect on catalysis are reviewed
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