Abstract
As an important endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts various effects in the body. A variety of pathological changes, such as cancer, glycometabolic disorders, and diabetes, are associated with altered endogenous levels of H2S, especially decreased. Therefore, the supplement of H2S is of great significance for the treatment of diseases containing the above pathological changes. At present, many efforts have been made to increase the in vivo levels of H2S by administration of gaseous H2S, simple inorganic sulfide salts, sophisticated synthetic slow-releasing controllable H2S donors or materials, and using H2S stimulating agents. In this article, we reviewed the recent development of H2S releasing/stimulating reagents and their potential applications in two common pathological processes including cancer and glycometabolic disorders.
Highlights
For a long time, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered to be a colorless, flammable, water-soluble, and highly toxic environmental hazard with the characteristic smell of rotten eggs
The results showed that TTM released H2S upon solvation, and H2S concentrations in all pH levels were maintained at a steady level for up to 15 h
These results indicate that these donors are effective under reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation
Summary
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered to be a colorless, flammable, water-soluble, and highly toxic environmental hazard with the characteristic smell of rotten eggs. Endogenous H2S is mainly produced through the metabolism of L-cysteine and homocysteine by the catalysis of two pyridoxal-5 -phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) (Chiku et al, 2009; Singh et al, 2009). It can be generated from the PLP-independent 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), or cysteine aminotransferase (CAT) in the presence of α-ketoglutarate. To understand the functions of H2S and develop H2S-related therapy, reagents that can be used to produce H2S in vitro and in vivo are often needed Those compounds are known as H2S donors or stimulating reagents. In this article we reviewed the studies and results of applying H2S in these pathophysiological processes
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