Recent Development of Active Ingredients in Mouthwashes and Toothpastes for Periodontal Diseases.

Meenakshi Rajendiran,Praveen Gajendrareddy,Lin Chen,Dandan Chen,Harsh M Trivedi

doi:10.3390/molecules26072001

Meenakshi Rajendiran, Praveen Gajendrareddy + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072001

Copy DOI

Abstract

Periodontal diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis are primarily caused by dental plaque. Several antiplaque and anti-microbial agents have been successfully incorporated into toothpastes and mouthwashes to control plaque biofilms and to prevent and treat gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of this article was to review recent developments in the antiplaque, anti-gingivitis, and anti-periodontitis properties of some common compounds in toothpastes and mouthwashes by evaluating basic and clinical studies, especially the ones published in the past five years. The common active ingredients in toothpastes and mouthwashes included in this review are chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, zinc oxide, zinc chloride, and two herbs—licorice and curcumin. We believe this comprehensive review will provide useful up-to-date information for dental care professionals and the general public regarding the major oral care products on the market that are in daily use.

Highlights

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva and periodontium and is a common cause of tooth loss if left untreated [1,2]
Use of NaF toothpastes when compared to amine fluoride (AmF) toothpastes showed to significantly reduce the number of bacteria in all biofilms including the tongue, palatal and buccal mucosa biofilms, and the mouth floor biofilm
The significant decrease in bacterial viability seen on different oral surfaces is suggested to be associated with the immediate increase in fluoride bioavailability which has been demonstrated in previous studies [105,106]

Summary

Introduction

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva and periodontium and is a common cause of tooth loss if left untreated [1,2]. It affects about 20–50% of the population globally and 47.2% of people above 30 years of age in the United States [3,4]. The etiology of periodontal diseases is dental plaque. The susceptibility of an individual to develop periodontal diseases depends on the immune and inflammatory responses to the periodontopathogenic bacteria present in the dental plaque and is modified by environmental factors [6,7]. Recent studies show that periodontal diseases have close ties with heart and lung diseases as well as diabetes [10,11,12]

Objectives

Results

Conclusion