Abstract
With the increasing energy demand for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and green energy storage solutions, the development of high-performance supercapacitors has been at the forefront of energy storage and conversion research. In the past decade, many scientific publications have been dedicated to designing hybrid electrode materials composed of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and carbon nanomaterials to bridge the gap in energy and power of traditional batteries and capacitors. V2O5 is a promising electrode material owing to its natural abundance, nontoxicity, and high capacitive potential. However, bulk V2O5 is limited by poor conductivity, low porosity, and dissolution during charge/discharge cycles. To overcome the limitations of V2O5, many researchers have incorporated common carbon nanostructures such as reduced graphene oxides, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and other carbon moieties into V2O5. The carbon components facilitate electron mobility and act as porous templates for V2O5 nucleation with an enhanced surface area as well as interconnected surface morphology and structural stability. This review discusses the development of various V2O5/carbon hybrid materials, focusing on the effects of different synthesis methods, V2O5/carbon compositions, and physical treatment strategies on the structure and electrochemical performance of the composite material as promising supercapacitor electrodes.
Highlights
The development of stable vanadium oxide-based electrode materials has been extensively investigated due to the high energy storage potential and natural abundance of vanadium oxide. Common carbon nanostructures such as reduced graphene oxidecarbon (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been combined with V2 O5 to yield high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials
V2 O5 /CNT hybrid materials are frequently synthesized as vertically aligned nanotubes infiltrated by V2 O5 crystals or long nanotubes with V2 O5 growth using various synthesis methods
The CNTs have the advantage of facile functionalization with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups to increase V2 O5 nucleation and conductivity
Summary
The demand for improved energy storage devices has increased due to the rapid development of portable electronics, electric vehicles, and green energy storage devices [1]. Pathways than [25], thosenanosheets observed in thenanobelts bulk crystal structure, they nanostructures improve cyclability These nanostructures allow better reaction kinetics with shorter diffusion pathways than with less strain on the crystal structure during ion intercalation/de-intercalation. Carbon tion of carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene [31], rGO [32], CNTs [33], and activated materials are ideal sources of EDL capacitance for efficient supercapacitors, owing to high porosities, conductivities, and natural abundances [35,36]. The effects of different synthesis pathways, V2 O5 /carbon compositions, and physical treatment conditions were closely examined for their impact on the nanostructures and the resulting capacitive performances of the VrG electrodes.
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