Abstract
Optical techniques for chemical analysis are well established and sensors based on thesetechniques are now attracting considerable attention because of their importance in applications suchas environmental monitoring, biomedical sensing, and industrial process control. On the other hand,flow injection analysis (FIA) is advisable for the rapid analysis of microliter volume samples and canbe interfaced directly to the chemical process. The FIA has become a widespread automatic analyticalmethod for more reasons; mainly due to the simplicity and low cost of the setups, their versatility, andease of assembling. In this paper, an overview of flow injection determinations by using opticalchemical sensors is provided, and instrumentation, sensor design, and applications are discussed. Thiswork summarizes the most relevant manuscripts from 1980 to date referred to analysis using opticalchemical sensors in FIA.
Highlights
A chemical sensor is a device which responds to a particular analyte in a selective way through a chemical reaction and can be used for the qualitative or quantitative determination of the analyte
System with spectrophotometric detection; based on the decrease of absorbance obtained (720 nm) when Prussian blue (PB) is reduced by ascorbic acid; commercial available flow-cell (Hellma 138-OS) is used and an appropriate volume of homogeneous bead suspension of Sephadex QAE A-25 was injected to fill this flow-cell for each measurement; PB is injected into the carrier and immobilized on beads, when sample is injected, reaching the bead surface where PB is sorbed, ascorbic acid converts it to Prussian white form, which is transparent, producing the discoloration of the detection zone; at the end of the analysis, beads are discarded by reversing the flow and instantaneously transported out of the system; in fruit juices, pharmaceuticals, sweets and conservative liquids
Oxygen sensors are of great importance in environmental monitoring, in industrial process control and in medical and biological applications
Summary
A chemical sensor is a device which responds to a particular analyte in a selective way through a chemical reaction and can be used for the qualitative or quantitative determination of the analyte. In optical sensors there is a spectroscopic measurement associated with the chemical interactions. Absorbance, reflectance, photoluminescence and chemiluminescence measurements are used in the different types of optical sensors. The aim of flow analysis was progressively extended to the automation of the whole analytical procedure via manipulation of a sample zone in a properly designed flow network that ended with a flow-through detector. This is a review on the development and applications of FI-optical chemical sensors, including the sensors for the detection of inorganic species, organic and biological compounds and drugs
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