Abstract
Extensive research and development in the production of nanocellulose production, a green, bio-based, and renewable biomaterial has paved the way for the development of advanced functional materials for a multitude of applications. From a membrane technology perspective, the exceptional mechanical strength, high crystallinity, tunable surface chemistry, and anti-fouling behavior of nanocellulose, manifested from its structural and nanodimensional properties are particularly attractive. Thus, an opportunity has emerged to exploit these features to develop nanocellulose-based membranes for environmental applications. This review provides insights into the prospect of nanocellulose as a matrix or as an additive to enhance membrane performance in water filtration, environmental remediation, and the development of pollutant sensors and energy devices, focusing on the most recent progress from 2017 to 2022. A brief overview of the strategies to tailor the nanocellulose surface chemistry for the effective removal of specific pollutants and nanocellulose-based membrane fabrication approaches are also presented. The major challenges and future directions associated with the environmental applications of nanocellulose-based membranes are put into perspective, with primary emphasis on advanced multifunctional membranes.
Highlights
Immense research and development have been made in green sustainable materials that exhibit outstanding characteristics and functionalities [1]
They postulated that the enhanced mechanical strength of the membrane with high cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) composition could be due to the effective PCL/CNF interaction
Similar reinforcing effects of CNF were observed by Liu et al (2019) [31], in which the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and strain of graphene oxide were enhanced with the addition of 1–4% of CNF
Summary
Immense research and development have been made in green sustainable materials that exhibit outstanding characteristics and functionalities [1]. Nanotechnology involving cellulosic substrates has garnered enormous attention over the last few decades which affords nanocellulose, a new generation of nanomaterials with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. Owing to their physicochemical features, such as exceptional mechanical properties, reinforcing capabilities, low density, high stability, and their ability for surface modification, nanocellulose is considered a fascinating nature-based futuristic material [5]. The main focus is on the recent progress of nanocellulose technology in environmental applications, water filtration, environmental re‐ mediation, pollution sensors, and energy devices. DDeessiirraabblleeFFeeaattuurreessooff NNaannoocceelllluulloossee ffrroomm MMeemmbbrraannee TTeecchhnnoollooggyy PPeerrssppeeccttiivvee NNaannoocceelllluulloossee iiss aa ssuussttaaiinnaabbllee nnaannoommaatteerriiaall tthhaatt hhaassrreecceeiivveedd iinnccrreeaassiinngg aatttteennttiioonn iinn tthhee llaasstttwtwooddeceacdaedseoswoiwngintgo ittos ditessidraebsilreaibnlterininstircinceslilculcoesleluplorospeeprtrioeps esurtcihesasuecho-farsienecdoly‐ fnraietnudrel,ygnooatdubreio, cgoomopdatbiiboicliotym, panadtibloilwityt,oxaincdityl.oTwhetoimxipciotyrt.aTnthperiompeprotrietasnotf nparonpoecertlileusloosef ninantohceecllounlotesxetinofthmeecmonbtreaxnteoftemchemnoblroagnyeaterechbnroieloflgyydairsecubsrsieefdlyinditshcuissseedctinonth, isnsceluctdioinng, innacnluod-dinimg ennasnion‐dailmpernospieorntaielsprreolapteerdtietos trheelahteidghtosptehceifihcigsuhrfsapceeciafriecas,uhrifgahceasapreact, rhaitgiho, tunable porosity, outstanding reinforcing potential, high degree of crystallinity, tunable surface chemistry, and anti-fouling properties
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