Recent changes in the Chinese intellectual community and oceanographic exchanges

Abstract

We are Americans of Chinese ancestry who visited the South China Sea Institute of Oceanography in Tsingtao during a 30‐day trip throughout China in May and June. We also visisted other research and teaching institutions in China. Based on conversations with many teachers and scientists, we will describe some recent changes in the Chinese intellectual community as well as aspects of the organization, facilities, and work being accomplished at the two oceanographic centers.To gain a proper perspective on China's recent rejuvenation of scientific research, one must delve a bit into the role of intellectuals in Chinese history. Chinese intellectuals, such as teachers, scholars, and scientists, have always filled large and special roles. Teachers, such as Confucius, have enjoyed a respect unequaled in anyother culture. Yet despite their prestige and power, intellectuals have, from time to time, been feared and detested. In a head long drive to unify China, the founder of the Ch'in Dynasty (221‐209 B.C.) buried dissident scholars alive.