Abstract
The concept of smart grid was introduced a decade ago. Demand side management (DSM) is one of the crucial aspects of smart grid that provides users with the opportunity to optimize their load usage pattern to fill the gap between energy supply and demand and reduce the peak to average ratio (PAR), thus resulting in energy and economic efficiency ultimately. The application of DSM programs is lucrative for both utility and consumers. Utilities can implement DSM programs to improve the system power quality, power reliability, system efficiency, and energy efficiency, while consumers can experience energy savings, reduction in peak demand, and improvement of system load profile, and they can also maximize usage of renewable energy resources (RERs). In this paper, some of the strategies of DSM including peak shaving and load scheduling are highlighted. Furthermore, the implementation of numerous optimization techniques on DSM is reviewed.
Highlights
With the growing energy demand over the course of time, it has become essential to utilize energy efficiently
Application of Demand side management (DSM) on industrial load showed an increase in load factor by 7.45 percent and decrease in peak demand by 8.44 percent and yearly end user saving of 4.18 percent. e study adopted a mathematical algorithm for this purpose. e challenges faced by power utilities with the ever-increasing energy demand can be reduced through the application of dynamic thermal rating (DTR) system and DSM methods [7]. e authors focus on the study of the reliability of the transmission network through investigating several DSM methods and their interaction with the application of DTR system
The PELs are modeled as variable resistors, and the bus voltage is derived. en, a DSM approach is used to decide a voltage strategy that would be optimum for regulating the PELs to minimize the system cost. e objective problem is formulated as a minimization problem to determine the optimal bus voltage V∗ that will minimize the cost of system
Summary
With the growing energy demand over the course of time, it has become essential to utilize energy efficiently. DSM is a significant feature of the smart grid; it can be defined as a set of techniques that can be used to modify the consumption pattern of the end users of electricity over time. DSM actions are used in smart grid to manage load profile of the end users for efficient utilization of generated power. A model consisting of three layers, utility in the first layer, demand response aggregator in the second layer, and consumers in the third layer, is proposed in [2] for achieving hierarchical day-ahead DSM. E energy consumption schedule (ECS) is defined by decentralized optimization algorithm for flexible appliances through smart meters by each user. E challenges faced by power utilities with the ever-increasing energy demand can be reduced through the application of dynamic thermal rating (DTR) system and DSM methods [7].
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