Recent Breakthroughs in Various Antimicrobial Resistance Induced Quorum Sensing Biosynthetic Pathway Mediated Targets and Design of their Inhibitors

Abstract

The world is under the grasp of dangerous post-antibiotics and antimicrobials attack where common infections may become untreatable, leading to premature deaths due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While an estimated 7,00,000 people die annually due to AMR, which is a public health threat to all communities in different parts of the world regardless of their economic status; however, this threat is serious in low- and middle-income countries having lack of sanitation and health infrastructure. The 68th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, many countries started drafting and committing to National Action Plans against AMR. As strong as National Action Plans are in terms of prescribing rational use of antimicrobials, infection control practices, and related public health measures, without strong healthcare systems, these measures will have a limited impact on AMR in developing countries. The major reason for AMR is microbial quorum sensing (QS) that may strengthen the microbial community to generate inter-communication and virulence effects via quorum sensing mechanisms. Global stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance aims to develop anti-quorum sensing compounds that can inhibit the biosynthetic pathway mediated different quorum sensing targets. It may pave an effective attempt to minimize microbial quorum sensing mediated antimicrobial resistance. The present review describes QS mediated various potential target enzymes, their connection to AMR, and finds out the corresponding QS biosynthetic target inhibitors. These potential inhibitors can be derivatized to design and develop next-generation antimicrobial agents.