Abstract
Nitrogen and sulpher oxides (NOx, SOx) have become a global issue in recent years due to the fastest industrialization and urbanization. Numerous techniques are used to treat the harmful exhaust emissions, including dry, traditional wet and hybrid wet-scrubbing techniques. However, several difficulties, including high-energy requirement, limited scrubbing-liquid regeneration, formation of secondary pollutants and low efficiency, limit their industrial utilization. Regardless, the hybrid wet-scrubbing technology is gaining popularity due to low-costs, less-energy consumption and high-efficiency removal of air pollutants. The removal/reduction of NOx and SOx from the atmosphere has been the subject of several reviews in recent years. The goal of this review article is to help scientists grasp the fundamental ideas and requirements before using it commercially. This review paper emphasizes the use of green and electron-rich donors, new breakthroughs, reducing GHG emissions, and improved NOx and SOx removal catalytic systems, including selective/non-catalytic reduction (SCR/SNCR) and other techniques (functionalization by magnetic nanoparticles; NP, etc.,). It also explains that various wet-scrubbing techniques, synthesis of solid iron-oxide such as magnetic (Fe3O4) NP are receiving more interest from researchers due to the wide range of its application in numerous fields. In addition, EDTA coating on Fe3O4 NP is widely used due to its high stability over a wide pH range and solid catalytic systems. As a result, the Fe3O4@EDTA-Fe catalyst is projected to be an optimal catalyst in terms of stability, synergistic efficiency, and reusability. Finally, this review paper discusses the current of a heterogeneous catalytic system for environmental remedies and sustainable approaches.
Highlights
The number of contaminants released into the atmosphere increases, and people are affected by blends and combinations of pollutants that may lead to more severe health issues [21]
There was evidence that adding KCl to the selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) process promoted the reaction at lower temperatures, resulting in an additional 50 degrees Celsius of reduction potential
Wet scrubbing is good enough but due to oxygen contents which is a compulsory part of flue gas, make scrubber inactive by oxidation of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-Fe(II) into EDTA-Fe(III) as shown in the followings
Summary
The same concept comes from burning or combustion (burning of substance by oxygen and generating heat i.e., energy accompanying flame i.e., light) This burning of fossil fuels has been observed from the earliest times and all people get advantages in different ways. The basic reason is that fossil combustion for electricity production major anthropogenic source of atmospheric pollutants. The pollutants from ing more than x because from various sources as unlimited combustion of industries, coal-fired power plants, various sources suchsuch as unlimited combustion of industries, coal-fired power plants, onon-road vehicles, aviation transport, refineries combustion exacerbate the road vehicles, aviation transport, gasgas andand fuelfuel refineries combustion exacerbate the situasituation daily These sources left worse the worse effect onatmospheric the atmospheric equilibrium byemisthe tion daily. The general trend for NOx and SOx emissions from power plants can be found such as in this Equation (1) [12]
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