Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have found uses in adsorption, catalysis, gas storage and other industrial applications. Metal Biomolecule Frameworks (bioMOFs) represent an overlap between inorganic, material and medicinal sciences, utilising the porous frameworks for biologically relevant purposes. This review details advances in bioMOFs, looking at the synthesis, properties and applications of both bioinspired materials and MOFs used for bioapplications, such as drug delivery, imaging and catalysis, with a focus on examples from the last five years.
Highlights
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a type of porous coordination polymer (CP), consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic linkers
In addition to discussing these areas, this review explores applications, such as remediation of pharmaceutical waste, catalytic synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) intermediates and the synthesis and applications of MOFs incorporating APIs or endogenous small molecules as part of their framework
The properties of the MOFs are detailed in Table 1; fast delivery was seen with the more hydrophilic, mesoporous MIL-100, slow delivery was a result of the narrow pored, amphiphilic MIL-127, and the rate of delivery depended on the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the drug in the case of the microporous, hydrophobic UiO-66
Summary
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a type of porous coordination polymer (CP), consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic linkers. Toxicity issues can be addressed by the synthesis of Metal Biomolecule Frameworks, or bioMOFs, which incorporate biocompatible metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or endogenous molecules to form the porous materials [21] The popularity of these materials for biomedical applications has been highlighted in recent reviews [22,23]. Yang and Yang surveyed the current field of MOF-based biomedical materials, reporting advances in five areas including DDS, biosensing and biocatalysis [22]. Both reviews examined future challenges, such as regulatory difficulties and a need for further in vivo investigations. MOFs will be discussed and the prospects and challenges of the future of this field are explored
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