Abstract
In recent years, lots of researches have been launched on nanomaterials for biomedical applications. It has been shown that the performances of many biomaterials used in prosthodontics have been significantly enhanced after their scales were reduced by nanotechnology, from micron‐size into nanosize. On the other hand, many nanocomposites composed of nanomaterials and traditional metals, ceramics, resin, or other matrix materials have been widely used in prosthodontics because their properties, such as modulus elasticity, surface hardness, polymerization shrinkage, and filler loading, were significantly increased after the addition of the nanomaterials. In this paper, the latest research progress on the applications of nanometals, nanoceramic materials, nanoresin materials, and other nanomaterials in prosthodontics was reviewed, which not only gives a detailed description of the new related investigations, but also hopefully provides important elicitation for future researches in this field.
Highlights
Prosthodontics is an important branch of the oral medicine
The results showed that wear and mechanical properties were enhanced in the range of 0–4% Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) content and the addition of CNTs up to 4% has a positive influence on the reinforcement effect, increased about 30%
Much attention has been directed toward the incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to improve its properties. Various nanoparticles such as ZrO2, TiO2, and CNT have been used to improve the performance of PMMA, and the results showed that desired mechanical property enhancement can be achieved in those composites with small amounts of nanoparticles [16,17,18,19]
Summary
Prosthodontics is an important branch of the oral medicine. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the promotion of oral health knowledge, prosthodontics increasingly received widespread attention. Dental materials of dentures can be divided into mainly three categories: resin, ceramic, and metal. The dentinal matrix is mainly composed of type I collagen fibrils forming a three-dimensional scaffold matrix, reinforced by hydroxyl apatite crystallites, measuring approximately 20 nm in size [11, 12] This natural dental hard tissue structure provides a foundation platform for biological research of nanomaterials with biomimetic manners. We briefly reviewed the development history of prosthodontics materials including metals, ceramics, and resin and evaluated the research and application of nanomaterials in prosthodontics. Nanophase metals (Ti, Ti6Al4V, and CoCrMo alloys) promote osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization [27,28,29]
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