Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been found to be the most rapidly generated endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) with an annual production of over 10 million tons. This synthetic compound has been used extensively in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal papers. It has been detected at elevated levels in industrial wastewater effluents, natural waters and drinking water. Recent studies have shown that BPA affects the proper functioning of the endocrine system in human beings and animals. Exposure to BPA has been associated with immunotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects at very low levels (ng/L to μg/L). It has also been proven that BPA increases chances of having diabetes, obesity and cancer. Thus, the removal of BPA from water has become a major concern in water research. Enzymatic degradation of BPA has proven to be an efficient and environmentally friendly approach and the use of laccase modified membranes has been reported in many studies. This article provides an in-depth review on the removal of BPA and other toxic organic micro-contaminants from water by laccase modified membrane systems.
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