Abstract
This review highlights recent applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis (CE) from 2019 to 2021. Various preconcentration techniques based on the analyte velocity change in two or three discontinuous solutions system including field-amplified sample stacking, transient isotachophoresis, pH-mediated stacking, sweeping, and their modified and combined techniques have been employed to enrich and separate biological, environmental, food samples, and so on, in CE. More than 60 published research articles collected from Scopus databases described the dynamic on-line sample preconcentration techniques. This review provides comprehensive tables listing the applications of the on-line sample preconcentration techniques.
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