Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in clinical data regarding antibody-based therapy in the management of solid tumors. We also discuss perspectives on antibody-based therapy in the future. Thorough understanding of the complex interactions between components of the immunological response has led to interest in the concept of immune-mediated therapy for solid tumors. Over the last few years, several humanized and chimeric monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been employed in treating solid tumors, including breast, colorectal, lung, head and neck, and gynecologic cancers. Trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab are MAbs that are most widely used in clinical practice with acceptable rates of adverse events. Combination of MAbs with small-molecule inhibitors of the same pathway could potentially increase the efficacy and specificity of antibody-based treatment. Immune-mediated effects may be further exploited with the use of bivalent molecules.
Highlights
Over the last few years, molecular biology has played a major role in the development of treatments for solid tumors
Trastuzumab has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and is currently applied either alone or in an adjuvant setting in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in early breast cancer
Available data on the activity and safety of trastuzumab-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the management of localized, irresectable, or resectable breast cancer are in keeping with a pathologic complete response of 7%–78%, with a favorable adverse event profile
Summary
Over the last few years, molecular biology has played a major role in the development of treatments for solid tumors. The interaction between antibody and tumor antigen may induce apoptosis by activating mechanisms of complementmediated cell death in the tumor cell [2]. Ferentiation, interaction with other cells, growth, and survival. These factors are involved in invasion, metastatic spread, and angiogenesis through the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. The amount of antigen on tumor cells, the subclass of the antibody, and the type of effector cell are some additional factors that regulate the ability of MAbs to induce antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity [4]. The first targets the tumor antigen, and the other binds to Fc receptors on effector cells, thereby increasing the probability of tumor lysis [5]
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