Abstract
Abstract Yarn-based strain sensor is an emerging candidate for the fabrication of wearable electronic devices. The intrinsic properties of yarn, such as excellent lightweight, flexibility, stitchability, and especially its highly stretchable performance, stand out the yarn-based strain sensor from conventional rigid sensors in detection of human body motions. Recent advances in conductive materials and fabrication methods of yarn-based strain sensors are well reviewed and discussed in this work. Coating techniques including dip-coating, layer by layer assemble, and chemical deposition for deposition of conductive layer on elastic filament were first introduced, and fabrication technology to incorporate conductive components into elastic matrix via melt extrusion or wet spinning was reviewed afterwards. Especially, the recent advances of core–sheath/wrapping yarn strain sensor as-fabricated by traditional spinning technique were well summarized. Finally, promising perspectives and challenges together with key points in the development of yarn strain sensors were presented for future endeavor.
Highlights
Smart textiles have gradually been a hot topic in both industry and academia because of the growing demands of performance and functions from textiles [1]
With electronic components effectively integrated into fibrous substrate, electronically smart textiles represent as an attractive platform for wearable device integration, such as wearable sensor, wearable heater, and wearable colorchanging display [2,3]
The development of textile strain sensor is essential for the fabrication of wearable electronics
Summary
Smart textiles have gradually been a hot topic in both industry and academia because of the growing demands of performance and functions from textiles [1]. This work reviewed different conductive materials and fabrication methods of yarn-based strain sensors, with the scope covering the following three sections: (1) coated filament and staple fiber yarn; (2) melt extrusion and wet spinning; and (3) twisting structure design of yarn sensor. Coating of electrically conductive layer onto the surface of fibers is a simple measure to impart electronic capabilities to fibrous materials for strain sensor applications. Such a coating process can be successfully done at different hierarchical levels of textile structure, such as fiber, yarn, or fabric [35,36,37,38]. Direct dip-coating and chemical deposition approaches were widely used to fabricate yarn sensor
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