Abstract
Environmental issues related to energy consumption are mainly associated with the strong dependence on fossil fuels. To solve these issues, renewable energy sources systems have been developed as well as advanced energy storage systems. Batteries are the main storage system related to mobility, and they are applied in devices such as laptops, cell phones, and electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most used battery system based on their high specific capacity, long cycle life, and no memory effects. This rapidly evolving field urges for a systematic comparative compilation of the most recent developments on battery technology in order to keep up with the growing number of materials, strategies, and battery performance data, allowing the design of future developments in the field. Thus, this review focuses on the different materials recently developed for the different battery components—anode, cathode, and separator/electrolyte—in order to further improve LIB systems. Moreover, solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) for LIBs are also highlighted. Together with the study of new advanced materials, materials modification by doping or synthesis, the combination of different materials, fillers addition, size manipulation, or the use of high ionic conductor materials are also presented as effective methods to enhance the electrochemical properties of LIBs. Finally, it is also shown that the development of advanced materials is not only focused on improving efficiency but also on the application of more environmentally friendly materials.
Highlights
The search for more efficient and sustainable energy storage devices is a growing need and a fruitful research field, based on the increasing mobility of society
The difference between the two electrodes is the active materials; this review focuses on the recent advances for each of the active materials divided by the type of electrode
A new material based on hollow core–shell structured carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/PAN@Co9S8@C coaxial nanocables have been produced for anode active material with the aim of providing more channels for Li+ ions/electrons diffusion and relieving volume swelling during the charge/discharge process
Summary
The search for more efficient and sustainable energy storage devices is a growing need and a fruitful research field, based on the increasing mobility of society. Other technologies based on lithium include lithium-air and lithium-sulfur batteries These batteries represent promising options due to their higher theoretical capacities when compared to conventional LIBs. These batteries represent promising options due to their higher theoretical capacities when compared to conventional LIBs Limitations such as the difficulty to obtain perfectly reversible reactions, control of the volume changes, and to warrant suitable ionic conductivity are holding back the full potential of these kind of batteries [39,40]. This means that despite the alternatives to and the limitations of the commonly used LIBs, these devices are still the most appropriate, at least until further developments are made in other technologies With this purpose, the research and development of advanced, more efficient, safer and environmentally friendlier materials for energy storage devices is a very relevant area nowadays. The latest advances in the materials used for the different battery components will be provided, with particular focus in the materials that offer potential solutions for the previously mentioned LIBs issues
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