Recent Advances on Citrus yellow vein clearing virus in Citrus

Abstract

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is the causal agent of yellow vein clearing disease, a significant and devastating disease of most citrus species including lemon and sour orange. CYVCV, a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus containing six ORFs (Open Reading Frames), represents a new species in the genus Mandarivirus of the Alphaflexiviridae family. The virus can cause particularly serious damage, resulting in reduced tree vigor, lower yields, and decreased marketability of fruit production, and it has been found in India, Turkey, Pakistan, China and Iran. Here we described the geographical distribution of the virus, its transmission mode by grafting, mechanical inoculation, and insects, as well as currently available techniques for detection. In addition, we also discussed practical measures aimed at controlling the disease and provided theoretical guidance to prevent the acquisition and spread of the disease that is a significant step toward ensuring the health of the citrus industry.