Recent Advances on Bioactive Molecules Acting on RNA and RNA Binding Proteins

Abstract

This review discusses the binding of biologically active molecules to RNA, a crucial component in understanding the molecular basis of life. RNA is replicated from DNA by RNA polymerase and is essential for protein formation. Three types of cellular RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and soluble RNA (sRNA). The impact of altered RNA binding proteins on human diseases is also discussed. The article also discusses the function of human Pol III in transcription of noncoding RNAs with immuno stimulatory effects, which can promote antiviral immunity. The intricacies of RNA and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have captivated researchers across various disciplines, owing to their pivotal roles in fundamental cellular processes and their emerging significance in disease mechanisms and therapeutics. RNA molecules, once considered mere messengers in the flow of genetic information, are now recognized as versatile regulators of gene expression, participating in transcriptional and translational control, RNA processing, and epigenetic modifications. In cancer cells, off-target signalling can be harmful, and a new mouse monoclonal antibody (6E4) targets 8-oxoA. RepRNA platforms have been found to lower bacterial lung burden and induce a spectrum of humoral and cellular immune responses. RNA-protein interactions can be inhibited and are potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. RNA-protein interactions can be inhibited and have both protective and pathogenic roles in some diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in bioactive molecules binding on RNA and RBPs, encompassing key findings, technological breakthroughs, and therapeutic implications. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future directions, this review seeks to elucidate the multifaceted landscape of RNA biology and its implications for drug discovery and precision medicine.