Recent advances of the biosensor in microbial sensing

Abstract

In this review, we discussed the design and manufacture of point-of-care test (POST) devices for the detection of microbial pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Electrochemical methods and current advances in the field were highlighted in terms of integrated electrochemical platforms, which include mainly microfluidic based approaches and integrated smartphone and Internet of things (IoM) and internet of medical things (IoMT) systems. In addition, the availability of commercial biosensors for the detection of microbial pathogens will be reported. At the end, challenges in point-of-care (POC) biosensor fabrication and expected future advances in biosensor technology were discussed. Integrated biosensor-based platforms with IoM/IoMT typically collect data to track the spread of infectious diseases in the community, which would be useful in terms of better preparedness for current and future pandemics and is expected to prevent social and economic losses.In the last decade, the science of biosensors has made tremendous progress in diagnosing diseases. Drug-resistant bacteria are outperforming drug discovery efforts, jeopardizing modern antibiotics and threatening many inevitable medical procedures that are taken for granted. Combating this worldwide threat will require the invention and application of ever-wider diagnostics of infectious diseases.