Abstract
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a commonly-used solvent in industry and pharmaceutics for extracting acetylene and fabricating polyacrylonitrile fibers. It is also a starting material for a variety of intermediates such as esters, pyrimidines or chlordimeforms. However, after being used, DMF can be form 5–25% spent liquors (mass fraction) that are difficult to recycle with distillation. From the point of view of energy-efficiency and environment-friendliness, an emergent separation technology, pervaporation, is broadly applied in separation of azeotropic mixtures and organic–organic mixtures, dehydration of aqueous–organic mixtures and removal of trace volatile organic compounds from aqueous solutions. Since the advances in membrane technologies to separate N,N-dimethylformamide solutions have been rarely reviewed before, hence this review mainly discusses the research progress about various membranes in separating N,N-dimethylformamide aqueous solutions. The current state of available membranes in industry and academia, and their potential advantages, limitations and applications are also reviewed.
Highlights
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an excellent solvent is applied in various industries, formation of pesticides and manufacture of synthetic leathers, fibers, films and surface coatings [1]
The results showed that the degree of crosslinking and water selectivity of the membranes were positively correlated to the hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) content in the membrane
Due to the cheap and easy preparation method, as a result it could be said that NaAlg/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blend membranes had good separation performance, which revealed higher selectivity and was more suitable than the NaAlg-g-NVP
Summary
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an excellent solvent is applied in various industries (e.g., pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries), formation of pesticides and manufacture of synthetic leathers, fibers, films and surface coatings [1]. The wastewater containing DMF has been treated by various methods, including biological methods [3], physicochemical methods [4] (adsorption and extraction) and chemical methods (catalytic oxidation [5], supercritical water oxidation [6] and alkaline hydrolysis). The above methods are suitable for treatment of wastewater with different concentrations of DMF. Biological treatment of DMF wastewater is always limited by the long treatment time and incomplete degradation. Physicochemical methods are economical and rapid rapid pretreatment methodsmethods for DMF and, especially, extraction and and adsorption pretreatment forremoval. DMF removal and, especially, extraction adsorption methods methods are commonly usedused in industry.
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