Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most common severe diseases in clinic. With the progression of the disease, it is very likely to occur acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite years of research, the mortality rate from sepsis-associated lung injury remains high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs with the function of regulating gene expression. In recent years, miRNAs have become a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine. Therefore, this review summarizes a large body of evidence implicating miRNAs and their target molecules in ALI/ARDS originating largely from studies using animal and cell culture model systems of ALI/ARDS. First, the pathophysiology and potential molecular mechanism of sepsis-associated ALI were briefly discussed at the cellular level, and the regulatory effect of miRNA on sepsis-associated ALI was summarized from the molecular mechanism so as to provide the possibility to find new targets for the treatment of sepsis-associated lung injury. Finally, some promising methods and some shortcomings of existing research are introduced.
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