Abstract
Enzymes are one of the main biocatalysts with various applications in the food industry. Stabilization of enzymes on insoluble carriers is important due to the low reuse, low operational stability, and high cost in applications. The immobility and the type of carrier affect the activity of the immobile enzyme. Hydrogels are three-dimensionally cross-linked macromolecular network structures designed from various polymers. Hydrogels can provide a matrix for an immobile enzyme due to their extraordinary properties such as high water absorbing capacity, carrier of bioactive substances and enzymes, biocompatibility, safety, and biodegradability. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on some enzymes (lactase, lipases, amylases, pectinase, protease, glucose oxidase) that are of special importance in the food industry. These enzymes could be immobilized in the hydrogels constructed of macromolecules such as kappa-carrageenan, chitosan, Arabic gum, pectin, alginate, and cellulose. At last, in the preparation of these hydrogels, different enzyme immobilization methods in macromolecular hydrogels, and effect of hydrogels on enzyme activity were discussed.
Highlights
Enzymes are a type of biocatalysts, widely applied in several applications in the food industry, such as baking, beverages, meat, dairy, fats and oils, as an effective, safe and eco-friendly alternative for food production
There are various chemical catalyst carriers to u immobilize enzymes, one of which is the use of hydrogel matrixes, hydrogels may be used as appropriate carriers for enzymes.[7]
Ref ββ-Galactosidase is an enzyme widely used in dairy products to 19–21 p Galactosidase hydrolyze of lactose, makes it possible consumption of dairy e (Lactase) products for people who are lactose intolerance, used to produce oligosaccharides, that are known as prebiotic products
Summary
Enzymes are a type of biocatalysts, widely applied in several applications in the food industry, such as baking, beverages, meat, dairy, fats and oils, as an effective, safe and eco-friendly alternative for food production. Lipases are from the hydrolase family of enzymes They are effective enzymes with various applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, e detergents, paper production and the food industry. The industrial use of lipases is limited due to the high cost Aof their production, the lack of long-term stability and difficulty in recycling them; immobilizing them on suitable matrices, such as hydrogels, can be very effective.26–28 2.3. Amylases Amylases are from the hydrolase family of enzymes They are widely found in microbial, plant, and animal sources and are one of the important industrial enzymes with many applications in 3|Page the food and beverage industries.
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