Abstract
Based on a review of currently published 40 papers (20 published in recent 5 years, 20 published in recent 10 years) on gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy, the general characteristics, theoretical studies, in vitro experiment, in vivo experiment, and the clinical prospects of targeted radiotherapy with gold nanoparticles were reviewed. Three key aspects guarantee further investigation for the full understanding of the radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles: the cellular localization and tissue distribution of nanoparticles and influential factors; the micro dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles, and the molecular biological mechanism. More cross disciplinary collaboration, research, development and translation are needed before gold nanoparticles are put into clinical trials. Key words: Malignancy neoplasms/radiotherapy; Gold nanoparticles
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