Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in the development of cobalt-based catalytic centers as the most potentially useful alternatives to noble metal-based electrocatalysts (Pt-, Ir-, and Ru-based) towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid and alkaline media. A series of cobalt-based high-performance electrocatalysts have been designed and synthesized including cobalt oxides/chalcogenides, Co–Nx/C, Co-layered double hydroxides (LDH), and Co–metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The strategies of controllable synthesis, the structural properties, ligand effect, defects, oxygen vacancies, and support materials are thoroughly discussed as a function of the electrocatalytic performance of cobalt-based electrocatalysts. Finally, prospects for the design of novel, efficient cobalt-based materials, for large-scale application and opportunities, are encouraged.
Highlights
Considering the continuous decrease of fossil fuels and deteriorated environments, it is of great importance and urgency to explore abundant, eco-friendly and renewable energy sources
[31,32,33], have been recognized as potential stability, compared withlayered precious metals (Pt, Ir and recent research results have candidates because of their parallel or even better activities, and superior electrochemical stability, established that cobalt-containing compounds supported onto conducting carbonaceous materials, compared with precious metals (Pt, Ir and recent research results have e.g., Vulcan-XC-72 [35], nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [36], carbon nanowebs (CNWs) [37], established that cobalt-containing compounds supported onto conducting carbonaceous materials, graphene [38], reduced graphene oxide (RGO) [39,40] and so on, represent a valid way to endow the e.g., Vulcan-XC-72 [35], nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [36], carbon nanowebs (CNWs) catalysts with rich exposed catalytic sites, high surface area, high electrical conductivity and fast mass
The nitrogen-doped graphene (NGr) supported spherical Co3 O4 (Co3 O4 –SP) nanoparticles (Co3 O4 –SP/NGr–24h) with the highest roughness factor and increased surface area exhibited the best activity in alkaline medium, and attributed to: (1) homogenous dispersion of Co3 O4 nanoparticles on NGr support; (2) NGr served as nucleation sites, efficiently controlling the growth kinetics of Co3 O4 nanoparticles; and (3) a strong synergistic interaction between the active sites and the support
Summary
Considering the continuous decrease of fossil fuels and deteriorated environments, it is of great importance and urgency to explore abundant, eco-friendly and renewable energy sources. In the past few years, various kinds ofnanocarbon novel hybrids [15], and metal free-metal carbon-based [7,16].as alternatives to precious metal-based non-precious nanomaterials have materials been explored electrocatalysts, including strongly coupled transition metals (oxides, phosphides, chalcogenides, Cobalt (Co), the. A series cobalt-based catalytic center materials such as chalcogenides oxides [23,24,25], metal–organic potential candidates because of their parallel or [17,18,19,20,21,22], even better activities, and superiorframeworks electrochemical [26,27,28,29,30] and double hydroxides (LDHs). Recent research results have candidates because of their parallel or even better activities, and superior electrochemical stability, established that cobalt-containing compounds supported onto conducting carbonaceous materials, compared with precious metals
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