Abstract
Cellulosic enzymes, including cellulase, play an important role in biotechnological processes in the fields of food, cosmetics, detergents, pulp, paper, and related industries. Low thermal and storage stability of cellulase, presence of impurities, enzyme leakage, and reusability pose great challenges in all these processes. These challenges can be overcome via enzyme immobilization methods. In recent years, cellulase immobilization onto nanomaterials became the focus of research attention owing to the surface features of these materials. However, the application of these nanomaterials is limited due to the efficacy of their recovery process. The application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was suggested as a solution to this problem since they can be easily removed from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnet. Recently, MNPs were extensively employed for enzyme immobilization owing to their low toxicity and various practical advantages. In the present review, recent advances in cellulase immobilization onto functionalized MNPs is summarized. Finally, we discuss enhanced enzyme reusability, activity, and stability, as well as improved enzyme recovery. Enzyme immobilization techniques offer promising potential for industrial applications.
Highlights
The environmental pollution produced by fossil fuels, the increasing growth of population, and the expensive costs of traditional energy sources compel researchers to develop novel approaches toward ecofriendly and biodegradable energy sources
Cellulose, nature’s most abundant biopolymer, is a low-cost energy source which can be degraded as biomaterials to yield chemical products applicable in many industrial applications [1,2]
Glucose is the main product of cellulose conversion, which is applied as a precursor for the production of various valuable products
Summary
The environmental pollution produced by fossil fuels, the increasing growth of population, and the expensive costs of traditional energy sources compel researchers to develop novel approaches toward ecofriendly and biodegradable energy sources. Cellulose, nature’s most abundant biopolymer, is a low-cost energy source which can be degraded as biomaterials to yield chemical products applicable in many industrial applications [1,2]. Physical, and biological methods were employed for cellulosic hydrolysis, from which the enzymatic conversion gained much attention because of its mild reaction conditions These methods provide high yield with no inhibitory by-products and are considered environmentally friendly. Enzymatic reactions are generally performed in high-temperature conditions which can lead to changes in the natural structure of cellulase [18,19] For this reason, enzyme properties must be greatly improved. The current review is focused on recent findings on immobilized cellulases on MNP supports with various functionalized groups and their advantages
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