Abstract
The consumption of existing fossil fuels is untenable and accompanied by greenhouse gas (GHGs) production that favours the worsening of the global warming issue. Therefore, the current demand for energy needs to be fulfilled with renewable and sustainable resources. Thus, the use of applicable technologies like hydrogen fuel, water, and wastewater treatment, solar cells, enzyme catalysts, biofuel (algae and lignocellulosic biomass), bio-crude, wind energy, and nanotechnology (NTs) addressed to the biotechnologies, and the pertinent patents for manipulating future energy sources for an eco-friendly environment are reviewed in this chapter. This book chapter also addresses the application of bio-nanotechnologies for the generation of renewable and sustainable energy. In addition, the nano-catalysts (metal-supported or metal) used in the generation of energy from renewable sources are also discussed in-depth. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the world's most feasible renewable energy sources will allow for the most effective use of the available energy and its byproducts while having the least negative effects on the environment.
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