Recent Advances in Zinc Anc Cooper Phthalocyanines As Hole Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Recently, significant progresses have been achieved in the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells, while major challenges, such as commercial viablity of exotic materials and their instability, remain as an obstacle. Hole transporting materials (HTMs) represent a tricky choice for the fabrication of efficient solar cells and the cost uneffective Spiro-OMeTAD continue to be so far the most obvious candidate. Semiconductors molecules, such as metallophthalocyanines (MPcs)1 appeared as a promising class of p-type material, since they are less expensive and more stable.In this communication, we will present the synthesis of novel ZnPcs,2 ZnPc dimers3 and CuPcs4 (see as examples Figure 1) as efficient, stable, and low cost HTMs in PSCs. The MPcs are substituted with functional groups that possesses a very good solubility in a wide range of organic solvents, adequate HOMO LUMO levels and thus can be applied from solution processing in a wide range of perovskite solar cell devices.Figure 1. Different ZnPcs structures as HTMs in PSCs References M. Urbani, M. E. Ragoussi, M. K. Nazeeruddin, T. Torres, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2019, 381, 1-64. P. Huang, A. Hernández, S. Kazim, J. Ortíz, Á. Sastre-Santos, S. Ahmad Sustainable Energy &Fuels. 2020, 4, 6188-6195. a) D. Molina, M. A. Ruiz-Preciado, F. Sadegh, M. João Álvaro-Martins, M. Grätzel, A. Hagfeldt, Á. Sastre-Santos, J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines, 2019, 23, 546–553. b) D. Molina, M. A. Ruiz‐Preciado, B. Carlsen, F. T. Eickemeyer, B. Yang, N. Flores‐Díaz, M. J. Álvaro‐Martins, K. Nonomura, A. Hagfeldt and Á. Sastre‐Santos, ChemPhotoChem, 2020, 4, 307–314. a) L. Caliò, J. Follana-Berná, S. Kazim, M. Madsen, H. G. Rubahn, Á. Sastre-Santos, S. Ahmad, Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2017, 1, 2071-2077. b) P. Huang, A. Hernández, J. Follana-Berná, S. Kazim, J. Ortíz, Á. Sastre-Santos, S. Ahmad, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2021, 4, 9, 10124–10135 Figure 1