Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the state of the art of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) production and applications. Emerging trends, gaps, and opportunities for future research were evaluated by bibliometric analysis, covering XOS production by chemical and enzymatic methods, purification, health benefits, and new products development. In total, 1256 publications (1217 articles and 39 reviews) were recorded from 2000 to 2021, the selected timespan for the bibliometric analysis. The network analysis of keywords revealed that XOS research had been divided into five main knowledge areas: prebiotics, autohydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, xylan pretreatment, and xylanase. The prebiotic activity of XOS is a deeply investigated field, and this hot topic still demands future research. Autohydrolysis was shown to be a base niche, while enzymatic hydrolysis is gaining more interest. Most recent research is focused on the development of new technologies for XOS production toward a biorefinery concept, especially with the valorization of agro-industrial wastes in a circular bioeconomy. In conclusion, XOS is a value-added biological macromolecule with scientific and industrial interest that can be obtained from lignocellulose biorefineries and applied to develop functional foods.
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