Abstract
The nerve growth factor family of growth factors, collectively known as neurotrophins, are evolutionarily ancient regulators with an enormous range of biological functions. Reflecting this long history and functional diversity, mechanisms for cellular responses to neurotrophins are exceptionally complex. Neurotrophins signal through p75 NTR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily member, and through receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC), often with opposite functional outcomes. The two classes of receptors are activated preferentially by proneurotrophins and mature processed neurotrophins, respectively. However, both receptor classes also possess neurotrophin-independent signaling functions. Signaling functions of p75 NTR and Trk receptors are each influenced by the other class of receptors. This review focuses on the mechanisms responsible for the functional interplay between the two neurotrophin receptor signaling systems.
Highlights
The nerve growth factor family of growth factors, collectively known as neurotrophins, are evolutionarily ancient regulators with an enormous range of biological functions
F1000 Faculty Reviews are written by members of the prestigious F1000 Faculty
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its orthologs are collectively known as neurotrophins
Summary
Evolution of the neurotrophin signaling system in invertebrates. 4. DeLotto Y, DeLotto R: Proteolytic processing of the Drosophila Spätzle protein by easter generates a dimeric NGF-like molecule with ventralising activity. Zhu B, Pennack JA, McQuilton P, et al.: Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a common mechanism for nervous system formation. Lee R, Kermani P, Teng KK, et al.: Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins.
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