Abstract
Traditional approaches to understanding ultraprecision machining processes such as grinding, polishing, lapping, micromachining, machining, etc., have focused on developing analytical, semi-empirical and empirical models that seek to explain the output of processes based on many input variables. However, those models are not very well suited to providing inputs to develop improved abrasive products such as grinding wheels, lapping wheels, honing laps, coated abrasives, loose abrasives and their associated bonding systems and lubricants. In order to develop new products to improve ultraprecision processing of materials, it is necessary to focus on the mechanisms of microscopic interactions between abrasive products and the workpiece material. This paper reviews the current grinding theories and the methods employed to understand microscopic interactions due to cutting, plowing and sliding motions and how they can be used to develop new products using materials science principles that enhance and uniquely describe the removal of material in ultraprecision machining processes.
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