Recent advances in the use of alloplastic materials in ocular surgery.

Abstract

This report briefly reviews the use of alloplastic materials in ocular surgery. Among the materials employed, silicone and methyl methacrylate dominate, but acrylate hydrogels are attracting increasing interest. The following alloplastic devices are most commonly used or show promise: Splints of silicone rubber are used in the treatment of perforated corneal ulcers. Replacement of a corneal graft endothelium with a membrane of silicone rubber or hydrogel (artificial endothelium) shows considerable promise in otherwise hopeless cases. Through-and-through corneal implants, mostly of methyl methacrylate, are sometimes successful but leaks and extrusion are not uncommon. Intraocular lenses of methyl methacrylate as replacement of cataractous lenses are used little due to their complications. Drainage tubes for glaucoma are still experimental. Alloplastic materials are routinely employed more in retinal detachment surgery than in any other type of ocular surgery. Encircling bands, tubes and implants of various shapes, mostly of silicone rubber, are used to indent the sclera. Intravitreal injections of silicone oil have a high rate of complications.