Recent advances in the treatment for gynecologic oncology

Abstract

This commentary summarized the most important findings in the first half 2023 year based on Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) annual meeting and publications in crucial journals.This commentary provided a comprehensive overview of notable developments in the field of gynecologic oncology throughout the first half of 2023, drawing insights from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting and pivotal publications in esteemed journals. The discourse delved into the forefront of molecular mechanisms, emphasizing critical themes such as homologous recombination repair deficiency, mismatch repair, immune checkpoint blockades, and anti-angiogenesis in various cancers. Specific attention was given to advancements in targeted and immunotherapeutic modalities, notably examining the efficacy and safety profiles of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in ovarian cancer. Conclusively, the commentary underscored the transformative impact of molecularly guided therapies, marking them as pivotal in addressing refractory conditions and set the stage for heightened expectations in future advancements.PARP inhibitors have become the standard maintenance treatment for ovarian cancer. Among the first six articles, two (SOLO1 and PAOLA-1) summarized evidence supporting the improvement of overall survival with PARP inhibitors in maintenance therapy, while the NOVA study reported no benefit in overall survival. The first, fourth, and sixth articles discussed the feasibility of PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors used alone or in combination in neoadjuvant therapy (post-chemotherapy surgery). The latter two articles focused on the application of PD-1 (immune checkpoint inhibitors) in locally advanced cervical cancer, demonstrating enhanced efficacy. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors are commonly used in advanced cervical and endometrial cancers due to their status as hot tumors. Their use, either alone or in combination with anti-angiogenic drugs, has shown better outcomes in recurrent and advanced refractory endometrial and cervical cancers compared to traditional chemotherapy. A study from Huashan Hospital discussed the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic therapy in recurrent cervical cancer, although there might be a typo as the initial mention was about endometrial cancer. The following article discussed late-stage endometrial cancer, finding no difference in survival between chemotherapy and chemotherapy combined with radiation. Subsequent articles highlighted the superiority of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in treating recurrent endometrial cancer, as well as the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic therapy in endometrial cancer. The final article focused on the therapeutic effect of HER2-positive ADC class drugs in uterine cancer sarcoma.