Abstract
The study of coumarin dates back to 1820 when coumarin was first extracted from tonka bean by Vogel. Compounds containing coumarin backbone are a very important group of compounds due to their usage in pharmacy and medicine. Properties and biological activities of coumarin derivatives have a significant role in the development of new drugs. Therefore, many different methods and techniques are developed in order to synthesize coumarin derivatives. Coumarin derivatives could be obtained from different starting materials with various methods but with big differences in yield. This review summarized various methods, techniques and reaction conditions for synthesis of coumarins from different compounds such as aldehydes, phenols, ketones and carboxylic acids.
Highlights
Coumarins (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) belong to the subgroup of lactones [1]
Syntheses from different starting compounds like aldehydes, phenols, ketones and carboxylic acids were described, in order to provide a deeper insight into the possibilities of their formation and offer the researchers dealing with this subject a range of different synthetic approaches
All of these syntheses have different reaction conditions. Different techniques such as heating, microwave and ultrasound irradiation were employed in coumarin synthesis
Summary
Coumarins (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) belong to the subgroup of lactones [1]. Coumarins are widely spread in the nature and can be found in many plant roots, flowers, leaves, peels, seeds and fruits, as secondary metabolites. Coumarins are isolated from the plant flowers of various species such as Bombax ceiba [13], Peltophorum pterocarpum [14] and Trifolium repens [15]. Among four examined species (Allamanda cathartica, Allamanda violacea, Wrightia tinctoria and Nerium oleander), coumarins were detected in all flower extracts [16]. The plant leaves are a good source of coumarin derivatives, which can be supported by numerous studies. Wang et al extracted leaves of bamboo species and determined coumarin derivatives [17]. Coumarins are isolated from leaves of following species: Matricaria chamomilla L. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 151 from leaves of following species: Matricaria chamomilla L. As coumarins have proven to be effective pharmacophore, there is a growing demand for theirAssyncothuemsiasr.inMsahnayvempertohvoedns thoabvee ebfefeenctievme pplhoayremdafcoorpthhoerire,styhnetrheeissisa, gbruotweaincgh dmeemthaondd ifnocrltuhdeeirs svyanritohuessiss.taMrtainngy mmaettheroidalsshaanvdedbieffeenreenmtpreloaycetidonfocrotnhdeiirtisoynnst.hPerseisse, nbut taretaicclhemsuemthmodariinzcelsudthees rveacreinotulsy srteaprotirntegdmreasteerairaclhseasn, dwdheifrfeerdeinffterreeancttcioonmcpoonndeintitos,ntse.cPhrneisqeunetsaarntidclemseuthmomdsarwizeerse tuhseedreicnenthtleycroeupmoratreidn rdeesreiavracthiveess, swyhnethreesidsi.fferent components, techniques and methods were used in the coumarin derivatives synthesis
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