Abstract
Flaviviruses include several medically important viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). They have expanded in geographic distribution and refocused international attention in recent years. Vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies for combating flavivirus infections. In this review, we summarized virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines against the above four mentioned flaviviruses. Potential strategies to improve the efficacy of VLP-based flavivirus vaccines were also illustrated. The applications of flavivirus VLPs as tools for viral detection and antiviral drug screening were finally proposed.
Highlights
Flaviviruses have posed an increasing threat to public health worldwide due to their potential to cause severe diseases
DNA-based vaccines encode virus-specific genes,virus-like particle (VLP) and are they are convenient forcompared sequencetoediting; virions, and they can be produced in a large variety of expression platforms, including yeast, plant, several DNA vaccines such as those targeting Zika virus (ZIKV) have been proceeded in clinical trials [24,42]
West Nile virus (WNV) prM, E, and C proteins were fused into herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) d106 viral vector for the extracellular production of VLPs, which elicited WNV-specific IgG antibody response in immunized mice [55]
Summary
Flaviviruses have posed an increasing threat to public health worldwide due to their potential to cause severe diseases. The most important human pathogenic flaviviruses include Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV1-4), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). These viruses belong to the flavivirus genus in the family of Flaviviridae [7]. Among these flaviviruses, DENV1-4, WNV and JEV may cause millions of infections and tens of thousands of deaths each year [8]. Flaviviruses are composed of a nucleocapsid (N), whereas the N protein consists of the C protein and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. Virus become maturated protein,virus and egress releases the prthe peptides as the virus reaches neutralinpH fromthe host cells [16]
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