Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., are sedentary endoparasites that negatively affect almost every crop in the world. Current management practices are not enough to completely control RKN. Application of certain chemicals is also being further limited in recent years. It is therefore crucial to develop additional control strategies through the application of environmentally benign methods. There has been much research performed around the world on the topic, leading to useful outcomes and interesting findings capable of improving farmers’ income. It is important to have dependable resources gathering the data produced to facilitate future research. This review discusses recent findings on the application of environmentally benign treatments to control RKN between 2015 and April 2020. A variety of biological control strategies, natural compounds, soil amendments and other emerging strategies have been included, among which, many showed promising results in RKN control in vitro and/or in vivo. Development of these methods continues to be an area of active research, and new information on their efficacy will continuously become available. We have discussed some of the control mechanisms involved and suggestions were given on maximizing the outcome of the future efforts.
Highlights
Nematodes are by far the most abundant animals on earth (van den Hoogen et al, 2019) and a dominant component of the soil (Bardgett and Van Der Putten, 2014)
A similar study using tomato infected with M. incognita reported that each of B. cereus, B. licheniformis, and P. fluorescens significantly reduced J2 numbers, and plants with B. cereus had lower root galling compared to other treatments (Colagiero et al, 2018)
Considering the importance of economic losses caused by root-knot nematodes (RKNs) and the fact that the restrictions governing the use of chemical nematicides are elevating, it is clear that there is need for the development of new environmentally benign strategies
Summary
It is crucial to develop additional control strategies through the application of environmentally benign methods. This review discusses recent findings on the application of environmentally benign treatments to control RKN between 2015 and April 2020. A variety of biological control strategies, natural compounds, soil amendments and other emerging strategies have been included, among which, many showed promising results in RKN control in vitro and/or in vivo. Development of these methods continues to be an area of active research, and new information on their efficacy will continuously become available. We have discussed some of the control mechanisms involved and suggestions were given on maximizing the outcome of the future efforts.
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