Abstract
Carbon dioxide produced by human activities is one of the main contributions responsible for the greenhouse effect, which is modifying the Earth’s climate. Therefore, post-combustion CO2 capture and its conversion into high value-added chemicals are integral parts of today’s green industry. On the other hand, carbon dioxide is a ubiquitous, cheap, abundant, non-toxic, non-flammable and renewable C1 source. Among CO2 usages, this review aims to summarize and discuss the advances in the reaction of CO2, in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates, carbamates, and ureas appeared in the literature since 2017.
Highlights
The combustion of fossil fuels produces large amounts of waste gases
In addition to the carbon dioxide fixation [11,12], the classical carboxylation reaction [13–17], the reduction to carbon monoxide or formic acid [18–21], and polymerization [22–24], the preparation of useful heterocyclic carbonyl compounds such as cyclic carbonates, carbamates, and ureas attracted the interest of many research groups
Entry 79: the catalyst was obtained from reaction of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with N-vinyl-N’-allylimidazole silver complex (NHC-Ag)
Summary
The combustion of fossil fuels produces large amounts of waste gases. Among them, carbon dioxide is one of the main contributions responsible for the greenhouse effect, which is modifying the Earth’s climate [1]. Carbon dioxide has two polar carbonyl bonds, but its linear shape makes it non-polar, it is a thermodynamically and kinetically relatively stable molecule. This feature represents the major obstacle for CO2 utilization, which still remains rather limited. In addition to the carbon dioxide fixation [11,12], the classical carboxylation reaction [13–17], the reduction to carbon monoxide or formic acid [18–21], and polymerization [22–24], the preparation of useful heterocyclic carbonyl compounds such as cyclic carbonates, carbamates, and ureas attracted the interest of many research groups. The production of cyclic carbonates from CO2 is fully atom-economical and uses a safe gas, instead of toxic gases such as phosgene. Entry n-C10H23, CH2OAllyl, CH2OMe, CH2Cl, CHR2O, RC1H2furyl R=R1=(CH2)[3], c-Me t-Bu
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