Abstract
In this review, recent advances in greener technology for extracting natural bioactive components from plant origin sources are discussed. Bioactive compounds of plant origin have been defined as natural chemical compounds present in small amounts in plants. Researchers have shown interest in extracting bioactive compounds because of their human health benefits and characteristics of being eco-friendly and generally recognized as safe. Various new extraction methods and conventional extraction methods have been developed, however, until now, no unique approach has been presented as a benchmark for extracting natural bioactive compounds from plants. The selectivity and productivity of traditional and modern extraction techniques generally depend on selecting the critical input parameters, knowing the nature of plant-based samples, the structure of bioactive compounds, and good scientific skills. This work aims to discuss the recent advances in supercritical fluid extraction techniques, especially supercritical carbon dioxide, along with the fundamental principles for extracting bioactive compounds from natural plant materials such as herbs, spices, aromatic and medicinal plants.
Highlights
Extraction is one of the approaches used to isolate components from plant-based materials.At present, various extraction methods are used at the laboratory, pilot, and commercial scales by numerous researchers to extract the different target compounds present in plants [1]
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is classified among the novel extraction techniques that are a more environmentally friendly method by which to produce indigenous substances that have applications in various industries from sustainable sources such as herbs, spices, aromatic and medicinal plants
The earliest practical application of supercritical fluids was the decaffeination of green coffee beans started in Germany; after a few years, the extraction of oils from hops using liquid CO2 was developed in Australia [17]
Summary
Extraction is one of the approaches used to isolate components from plant-based materials. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is a mechanical technique based on sound waves, frequencies, and amplitudes that stimulate cell wall disruption and the discharge of cell content [8,10,12] This process reduces the extraction time, is suitable for thermolabile and unstable compounds, improves the extraction yield, and reduces the solvent and energy consumption because of its effect on the transport mass, temperature, and solvent/sample ratio [8,10]. The objective of this paper was to provide an upgraded review on the claims of SFE by discussing the characteristics and principles of SC-CO2 , its applications in extracting natural bioactive compounds from plant-based materials, and its current use in different industries
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