Recent advances in single liposome electrochemistry

Abstract

Single liposome electrochemistry is a very sensitive and versatile electroanalytical tool for understanding biological processes and fundamental mechanisms occurring at the lipid membrane/electrode interface. The extension of the electrochemistry of single redox liposome impact for sensing applications represents a great opportunity for detecting various biotargets in a short time of analysis with a high sensitivity. Both the electrochemistry of individual vesicle impact onto a surface of ultramicroelectrode and the detection of the electroactive content encapsulated in a giant unilamellar vesicle are reported in this review and illustrated with recent examples. The limitations, applications, perspectives and challenges of single liposome electrochemistry are briefly discussed based on the last published studies. Graphical abstract[ga1] • Single liposome electrochemistry for analyse the lipid membrane/electrode interface. • Electroactive content encapsulated in single vesicle is released and electrolyzed. • Single-vesicle electrochemical events for investigating cellular exocytosis process. • Rapid and sensitive sensing based on single redox liposome impact electrochemistry. • Giant unilamellar vesicle as an electrochemical micro-reactor for mimicking cell.