Abstract
ABSTRACTInsects are considered as a potential substitute for fishmeal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) in feeding mixtures for poultry diets. The intent of this paper is to appraise the current work relating to the use of insects as alternative protein in poultry feeding and the potential of large production of insects for the poultry feed industry. Certainly insects have a mammoth prospective as a protein source and other active substances (i.e. polyunsaturated fatty acids, antimicrobial peptides) for poultry. On the basis of numerous studies, insects meal belonging to the orders Diptera (black soldier fly, housefly), Coleoptera (mealworms), Megadrilacea (earthworm), Lepidoptera (silkworm and cirina forda) and Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locust and crickets), may be fruitfully used as feed ingredient in poultry diets. Information regarding their nutritional composition and biological evaluation was collected and compared it to SBM and FM.
Highlights
The consumption of insects is traditionally practised by more than two billion people worldwide, around 524 insect species are estimated to be consumed in Africa, 349 in Asia, 679 in the America, 152 in Australia and only 41 in Europe (Jongema 2015)
In the same way the digestibility of nutrients seems to be unaffected, or at least improved, by the use of insect meal in poultry diet when compared with FM: this is especially true when insect meal has a comparable amino acid (AA) profile and replaces the whole FM in the diet (Khatun et al 2003, 2005) determining some economical positive effects (Okah and Onwujiariri 2012)
FM was replaced with larvae meal in a cassava based diet in two laying hen hybrids (50 wks in lay).The results showed that feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by the experimental treatments (P > .05), but the hen-day production was significantly affected (P < .05) when 3.00% FM and 4.72% larvae meal were fed
Summary
The consumption of insects ( called entomophagy) is traditionally practised by more than two billion people worldwide, around 524 insect species are estimated to be consumed in Africa, 349 in Asia, 679 in the America, 152 in Australia and only 41 in Europe (Jongema 2015). Due to problems with over-fishing and environmental pollution, marine fish can be regarded as a limited resource This is reflected by a drastic increase of the market price for FM during the last ten years, which has given rise to the demand for a new and more sustainable protein source (Veldkamp and Bosch 2015). To meet the future requirements for protein new protein sources may be explored Another concern in Europe is the lack of protein-rich ingredients for animal feeding, especially to organic poultry due to exclusion of synthetic amino acids (AAs) and oil cakes extracted with solvents (SBM and rapeseed meal (EC, No 834/2007). It is a general concern that a 100% organic diet is unable to meet the requirements of EAAs of poultry, particular sulfur-containing AAs (Sundrum and Richter 2005). The BSF larvae ( called as BSF larvae meal, BSF prepupae meal and BSF maggot meal) are used live, chopped, or dried and ground forms
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