Abstract
Porphyrins have planar and conjugated structures, good optical properties, and other special functional properties. Owing to these excellent properties, in recent years, porphyrins and their analogues have emerged as a multifunctional platform for chemical sensors. The rich chemistry of these molecules offers many possibilities for metal ions detection. This review mainly discusses two types of molecular porphyrin and porphyrin composite sensors for metal ions detection, because porphyrins can be functionalized to improve their functional properties, which can introduce more chemical and functional sites. According to the different application materials, the section of porphyrin composite sensors is divided into five sub-categories: (1) porphyrin film, (2) porphyrin metal complex, (3) metal–organic frameworks, (4) graphene materials, and (5) other materials, respectively.
Highlights
This review mainly introduces the detection of metal ions using porphyrin-based compounds
We summarized the photochemical sensors developed for metal ions detection that are based on porphyrins
It is worth mentioning that porphyrins have large extinction coefficients and fluorescence characteristics and are very attractive platforms for the development of chemical sensors
Summary
The porphyrin ring has 26 π electrons and is a highly conjugated system It has strong light absorption and emission characteristics, especially after complexing with metal ions. The purpose and significance of this review are to summarize the recent applications of porphyrin-based sensors developed by porphyrins in the detection of metal ions and provide outlooks for future research. Water-soluble and renewable Hg2+ concentration in the range of 1 × 10–10–1 × 10–6 M and with high stability Detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution with color change Colorimetric and fluorescent dual-mode detection of Fe3+, good water solubility, and determination of Fe3+ in fetal bovine serum samples Detection of Cd2+, Br−, and THF within 1 min With fast and sensitive detection of Cd2+ ions High sensitivity in the Cu2+ ion concentration range of 0.1–1.2 mg. Yin et al [69] Yan et al [70] Prabphal et al [71] Prabpal et al [72] Pratiwi et al [73] Cho et al [74] Chen et al [75] Hu et al [76] Xue et al [77] Wen et al [78] Marcelo et al [79]
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