Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the type with the second highest morbidity. Recently, a great number of bioactive compounds and encapsulation techniques have been developed. Thus, this paper aims to review the drug delivery strategies for chemotherapy adjuvant treatments for CRC, including an initial scientific-technological analysis of the papers and patents related to cancer, CRC, and adjuvant treatments. For 2018, a total of 167,366 cancer-related papers and 306,240 patents were found. Adjuvant treatments represented 39.3% of the total CRC patents, indicating the importance of adjuvants in the prognosis of patients. Chemotherapy adjuvants can be divided into two groups, natural and synthetic (5-fluorouracil and derivatives). Both groups can be encapsulated using polymers. Polymer-based drug delivery systems can be classified according to polymer nature. From those, anionic polymers have garnered the most attention, because they are pH responsive. The use of polymers tailors the desorption profile, improving drug bioavailability and enhancing the local treatment of CRC via oral administration. Finally, it can be concluded that antioxidants are emerging compounds that can complement today’s chemotherapy treatments. In the long term, encapsulated antioxidants will replace synthetic drugs and will play an important role in curing CRC.
Highlights
Every sixth death in the world is due to cancer, making it the second leading cause of death [1,2], and despite survival rates increasing, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation of the University of Seattle, more than a million people died because of cancer globally in 2017 [3]
Several factors increase the risk of cancer; advancing age is the most important for cancer overall, and for Colorectal cancer (CRC), a diet rich in meat cooked at high temperatures is associated with an increased risk of CRC [4]
Whole digest and fractions > 10, 5–10, and < 5 kDa caused cytotoxicity to Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT-116 human colon cancer cells, and reduced inflammatory responses caused by lipopolysaccharide in macrophages RAW 264.7
Summary
In. 2016, more than 8.15 million people suffered from breast cancer, which was the type with the most morbidity, followed by colorectal cancer (CRC) and prostate cancer with 6.32 million and 5.7 million cases, respectively [1]. 2016, more than 8.15 million people suffered from breast cancer, which was the type with the most morbidity, followed by colorectal cancer (CRC) and prostate cancer with 6.32 million and 5.7 million cases, respectively [1] Of these three cancer types, CRC represents the highest number of deaths [3]. Several factors increase the risk of cancer; advancing age is the most important for cancer overall, and for CRC, a diet rich in meat cooked at high temperatures is associated with an increased risk of CRC [4]. Others factors include African American ethnicity, male sex, inflammatory bowel
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