Abstract
Plastid transformation offers a viable alternative to nuclear transformation because of its numerous advantages. It was against this backdrop that various groups of researchers have been exploiting this group of sub-cellular organelles, over the last two decades, for the genetic engineering of agronomic traits and metabolic pathways, as well as for molecular farming for the production of plant-derived high-valued biopharmaceuticals and industrial proteins. In this short review, we discuss the evolution and development of this technology with respect to the current state-of-the-art, which places it in high pedestal as a cost effective and safe production technology for high quality molecular farming products as well as a highly efficient method to create new metabolic pathways and improve the agronomic traits. Keywords: Chloroplast transformation, molecular farming, metabolic engineering, agronomic trait engineering
Highlights
Plastid transformation offers a viable alternative to nuclear transformation because of its numerous advantages
The first stable chloroplast transformation was reported in Chlamydomonas using high velocity microprojectiles by biolistic delivery of naked DNA that integrated into the genome through homologous targeting (Boynton et al, 1988)
Stable plastid transformation in tobacco by an alternate transformation protocol based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment of leaf protoplasts in the presence of plasmid DNA was reported (Golds et al, 1993)
Summary
Plastid transformation offers a viable alternative to nuclear transformation because of its numerous advantages. The plastid transformation (PT) technology was birthed as a result of the quest for low cost, safer and more flexible scale-up expression system than the established systems that use bacterial, fungal and animal cells as production platforms for recombinant proteins, especially pharmaceutical proteins.
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