Abstract
Plasmonic sensing has been an important multidisciplinary research field and has been extensively used in detection of trace molecules in chemistry and biology. The sensing techniques are typically based on surface-enhanced spectroscopies and surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). This review article deals with some recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors and SPR sensors using either localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) or propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The advances discussed herein present some improvements in SERS and SPR sensing, as well as a new type of nanowire-based SPP sensor.
Highlights
The unique optical properties of surface plasmons (SPs) have led to many important applications in multidisciplinary fields, such as chemistry, biology, materials, renewable energy and information sciences and technologies [1,2,3,4,5]
The total Raman enhancement is the product of the intensity enhancements at the incident and Raman-scattered frequencies, respectively, which is approximated as the fourth power of the EM field enhancement and can reach ~109–1010 under optimal excitation configurations
Remote surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) refers to the fact that the Raman signal is not excited by the direct illumination of the incident laser, but the laser-generated surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that propagate along a metal thin film or metal NW to a distal SERS-active site [49,50]
Summary
The unique optical properties of surface plasmons (SPs) have led to many important applications in multidisciplinary fields, such as chemistry, biology, materials, renewable energy and information sciences and technologies [1,2,3,4,5]. Sensors 2014, 14 field enhancement and the ultra-sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to the surrounding medium, have seen prosperous growth in recent years. The key characteristic of a SERS-active substrate is either the nanogaps between metal nanostructures or sharp features of single nanostructures, which produce high EM field enhancement under resonant excitation [6,7,24,25]. SPR sensors are based on the resonant peak shift of SPs due to the change of the refractive index of the surrounding environment [5,15]. The scope of this review article is to present recent advances in plasmonic sensors, including some new SERS sensing techniques, LSPR sensing using multipolar modes and Fano-resonances, and the metal NWs-based SPP sensors
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