Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a very common pathogen that typically causes minor disease in most patients. However, the virus can cause significant morbidity and mortality in certain populations, including young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. Currently, there are no approved therapeutics to treat HAdV infections, and the standard treatment relies on drugs approved to combat other viral infections. Such treatments often show inconsistent efficacy, and therefore, more effective antiviral therapies are necessary. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the search for new chemical and biological anti-HAdV therapeutics, including drugs that are currently undergoing preclinical/clinical testing, and small molecule screens for the identification of novel compounds that abrogate HAdV replication and disease.
Highlights
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a non-enveloped DNA virus that mainly causes self-limiting illnesses in most patients, but can lead to severe disease and death in others
Alternative splicing was first identified in HAdV, and the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 and chaperone EP400 were discovered through their interaction with the HAdV E1A protein [5,6,7,8]
The regulation of late gene expression is under the control of a common major late promoter (MLP), which is fully activated following the onset of viral DNA replication in late infection [66]
Summary
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a non-enveloped DNA virus that mainly causes self-limiting illnesses in most patients, but can lead to severe disease and death in others. HAdV spreads effectively mainly via oral/nasal secretions (and the fecal route in some cases) and can cause a variety of diseases depending on the type [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. No approved antiviral therapy currently exists for the treatment of severe HAdV infections [17,18,24,25]. HAdV infections and current treatment options observed with inthese many cases [16,18,21,22,25,27,28].
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