Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and young people. Traditional surgical excision combined with chemotherapy presents many limitations, such as resistance and systemic side effects of chemotherapy drugs, postoperative recurrence, and bone defects. Given these limitations, novel therapeutic modalities for OS treatment using nanometer-sized platform-based chemotherapeutic delivery have emerged as a promising alternative therapy. This form of therapy offers multiple advantages, such as accurate delivery of the drug to the tumor site and repair of limited bone defects after tumor resection. In this review, we briefly summarize nanoplatforms, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, nanomicelles, dendrimers, nanocapsules, and exosomes. The essential shortcomings involved in these nanoplatforms, such as poor stability, immunogenicity, insufficient circulation, and drug leakage are also discussed, and related solutions are briefly proposed. Finally, the application prospects of nanoplatforms in the treatment of OS are discussed.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONSOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor among children and adolescents and often involves the metaphysis of the long diaphysis [1]
Reviewed by: Mohd Ahmar Rauf, University of Miami Hospital, United States Yaswanth Kuthati, Cathay General Hospital, Taiwan
We introduce recent scientific advancements made in different types of nanoplatform drug delivery systems, which are usually divided into the following categories: liposomes, polymeric Nanoplatforms for Osteosarcoma (NP), inorganic NPs, nanomicelles, dendrimers, nanocapsules, and exosomes
Summary
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor among children and adolescents and often involves the metaphysis of the long diaphysis [1]. Compared with traditional surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat OS, nanoplatform drug delivery systems are characterized by high drug loading, controllable drug release, remarkable biocompatibility, targeted tumor tissue changes, improved patient compliance, known pharmacokinetics of targeted drugs, and increased blood circulation half-life of drugs. Niu et al reported a functionalized graphene-dendrimeric system loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) via Fe3O4 NPs as a magnetic nanocarrier with high drug-loading capability They showed that the nanocarrier reduced the toxic side effects of DOX, such as cardiomyopathy, hair loss, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and delayed cardiotoxicity, in normal tissues and organs. These results were likely obtained because of improved DOX delivery into OS tissues and enhanced permeability and retention with the use of an external magnetic field [28]. Each of these drug carriers are discussed in detail in the subsequent sections
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