Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of manufacturing methods, characterizations, and diverse applications of inorganic and organic nanoparticles to expand multidisciplinary applications of polymer nanocomposites. Inorganic nanoparticles, including montmorillonite (MMT) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), and organic nanoparticles, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are synthesized and purified from different natural sources. Their surface and internal structure are modified to improve reinforcement and extend multidisciplinary applications of polymer nanocomposites. Thus, these nanofillers have shown a significant role in upgrading thermal stability, flame retardance, barrier effect and medical application through a considerable increase in mechanical properties. Indeed, the nanofillers improve the barrier properties because they act as blocking agents in polymers, promote a tortuous path to permeation of water and gas molecules and change polymers’ crystallinity. Also, the mechanical properties for polymer matrices, such as mechanical strength and stiffness, are enhanced because of nanofillers.
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