Abstract
Membranes for carbon dioxide permeation have been recognized as potential candidates for CO2 separation technology, particularly in the energy sector. Supported molten-salt membranes provide ionic routes to facilitate carbon dioxide transport across the membrane, permit the use of membrane at higher temperature, and offer selectivity based on ionic affinity of targeted compound. In this review, molten-carbonate ceramic membranes have been evaluated for CO2 separation. Various research studies regarding mechanisms of permeation, properties of molten salt, significance of material selection, geometry of support materials, and surface modifications have been assessed with reference to membrane stabilities and operational flux rates. In addition, the outcomes of permeation experiments, stability tests, selection of the compatible materials, and the role of interfacial reactions for membrane degradation have also been discussed. At the end, major challenges and possible solutions are highlighted along with future recommendations for fabricating efficient carbon dioxide separation membranes.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide emission from industrial flue gases and fossil fuels consumption is increasing chronologically, which has become a major cause of global warming
In coal fired power plants, ethanolamines are being used for capturing CO2 using chemical absorption. is process is cost-effective but production of N-nitrosamines, alkanolamines, and ketones is one of the major disadvantages because of their toxicity, carcinogenic nature, and omnipresence in the environment [3,4,5]
Oceanic storage and mineralization are two other prominent methods for CO2 capture. erefore, to limit the amount of CO2 and avoid the harmful by-products, carbon dioxide separation is required by an alternative path which should be of low cost, efficient, and robust with low energy consumption [6]
Summary
Carbon dioxide emission from industrial flue gases and fossil fuels consumption is increasing chronologically, which has become a major cause of global warming. E major challenges for the membrane process are high permeability, selectivity, longer operational hours, and stability at high temperature. Fabrication of MC membranes is still at its infancy stage and limited to lab scale because of some critical issues which hinder their complete utilization at large scale such as decreased stability at long operational hours, low efficiency, incompatibility to couple with industrial processes, membrane degradation, high cost, and complex fabrication techniques including optimization of ceramic supports. Membrane performance is generally determined by permeation flux (Ji), which is defined as the volume of gas i passing through the membrane per unit area per unit time at given conditions of temperature and pressure. Permeabilities required for economically feasible CO2 separation range from 10−13 to 10−12 mol·m−1·s−1·Pa−1 with carbon dioxide/nitrogen selectivity of 50–100 [18]. MEOCC membranes exhibit both mixed electron and carbonate ion conduction (Figure 3(c))
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